Mcdonalds And The Fast Food Industry Essay - 838 Words

As the fast food sector becomes more competitive and the minimum wage employees fight for higher wages McDonalds needs to be as efficient as possible. Technology has come a long way and is beginning to be implemented in the fast food industry. Panera Bread has already begun using automated kiosks, online, and app ordering systems to reduce the food wait time. I think McDonalds should implement the same process to keep up with their competitors, reduce labor costs, and increase efficiency. To implement this technology into 1,800 Panera Bread locations it cost the franchise $40 million dollars. McDonalds has about 7.9 times as many locations in the United States compared to Panera Bread totaling about 14,157 McDonald locations. With this technology, McDonalds could conservatively expect a 3% increase in sales using a 10% dividend payout, and 36% tax rate. Also, McDonalds would not need to raise additional funds to implement this project as the additional funds needed in the pro forma m odel was projected as a negative 35.8 billion. To introduce this innovative technology in the United States McDonald locations it would cost approximately $331.8 million, which can be funded from a mixture of accounts payable and retained earnings. Over a course of 10 years, this improvement is expected to return accumulated cash flows with a net present value of $53.4 million. This was projected with a growth rate of 3%, discount rate of 8%, interest rate of 7%, and tax rate of 36%. ThisShow MoreRelatedMcdonalds And The Fast Food Industry1617 Words   |  7 PagesCompany Overview McDonalds has been the front-runner of the fast food industry ever since it was founded more than 50 years ago. This fast food mogul has provided millions of Americans and people around the globe with their services. However, since the Companies founding in a Chicago suburb to the globally recognized Corporation it is now various problems have begun to slow down the sales and growth of the Organization. As of 2014, McDonalds had 36,528 restaurants in 119 countries. The CompaniesRead MoreMcdonald s And The Fast Food Industry952 Words   |  4 Pagesproblems such as, increase of major competitors in hamburger and non-hamburger segment, increase of substitutes, and change in eating habitats. The fast-food industry is a mature market making it necessary for companies like McDonald’s, Burger King, and Wendy’s to find new marketing strategies to stay competitive and maintain market share. Fast- food chains have multiple competitors, which have many similarities and differe nces causing bargaining power of buyers to be very high. This makes it crucialRead MoreMcdonald s Success Of The Fast Food Industry Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive From: Fakhriddin Yuldashev McDonalds McDonald’s Corporation operates and franchises restaurants all over the world. We are in competitive industry of quick service restaurants that is expected to grow 22% by 2017. We are the leading global food service retailer by means of over 34,000 restaurants in more than 118 countries, serving about 50 million people daily. Total revenue in 2012 was $27.8 billion, which is over 2% increase from 2011,yet McDonalds was struggling to drive sales. Net-IncomeRead MoreAnalysis Of Mcdonald s The Fast Food Industry1258 Words   |  6 Pagesnoteworthy levels of client unwariness. In the fast food industry, certain business methodologies are likewise being created and connected in order to accomplish comparable impacts. In this report, the effect of some business methodologies in genuine organizations will be broke down. The contextual analysis gave was about McDonalds and how the organization has developed to be fruitful in the Malaysian market. Also, the case talked about the issues that McDonalds have been experienced as the years progressedRead MoreMcdonalds Corporation : A Leader Of The Fast Food Industry2767 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract McDonalds Corporation has been a leader of the fast food industry since its launch in 1948. McDonalds has grown from a family burger stand to a global fast-food goliath, with upwards of 30,000 locations in 118 countries. (James, 2009) Under the organization of visionary Ray Kroc, a milkshake-mixer salesman, Dick and Mac McDonald opened the first burger stand in San Bernardino, CA. The dipping fries into shakes concept was born and McDonalds franchises swiftly grew: by the end of the 1960’sRead MoreMcdonalds Case Analysis1362 Words   |  6 PagesMcDonalds Case Analysis The most important general environmental factors to be considered for the industry and McDonalds include its demographic, sociocultural, global, and physical environment segmentations. The demographic segment is important in terms of this industry because of the consumers that make up the fast-food industry. The demographic segment associated with McDonalds consists of a wide range of consumers with their new and improved menu that offers the success of the new dollar menuRead MoreMcdonald Business Environment906 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction McDonald Corporation is the world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurant. There are over 30,000 McDonald’s restaurants in more than 100 countries and served an average of 50 million customer daily. A McDonald restaurant is operated by either a franchisee or by the corporation itself. The very first McDonald was open in Singapore in 1979 and today there are over 120 McDonald restaurants across the island which served 1.2 million customers weekly. McDonald employs around 9Read MoreMarketing Plan For The Fast Food Industry Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesTherefore, the purpose of the particular report is to structure the comprehensive Marketing Plan, for the new healthy menu range of the well-known fast-food chain, McDonald s. The overall plan will include the Environmental and the Industry Analysis, which will involve the PEST Analysis, and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, and the Trends in the Fast-Food Industry. The next section is Marketing plan, which will incorporate the Marketing Objectives, the SWOT Analysis, value Propositions, Target CustomerRead MoreMcDonalds Market Structure656 Words   |  3 Pagesin oligopoly market since the fast food industry is one of the major industries with this type of markets. Some of the common features of oligopolistic markets are price rigidity and price war that have significant impacts on the firms pricing strategies. The reason for the operation of this franchise in oligopolistic markets is that fast food industry is characterized by a small number of large producers or sellers. As a result, every large seller in the industry has a perceptible impact on otherRead MoreMcdonald s Swot Analysis For Marketing Success1238 Words   |  5 Pagesclearly shows that McDonalds is achieving its success by listening to customers and fulfilling their needs. its recognized through more and more promotions and advertisements and also through its logo design which is a huge yellow M. McDonalds also keep in mind the customers need and by looking at it, they decide what to serve, what will be the price of the product, how to advertise its product and the location of the restaurant. Which will be more convenient to the customers McDonalds also identifies

Mis Report Free Essays

Assignment 2 for MIS 1. Give an illustrative database for an Information system for Taj Mahal Hotel, Mumbai. Design various reports required by management for decision making. We will write a custom essay sample on Mis Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Give three output formats (reports) for a Help desk at Ruby Hospital, Pune. 3. National Investment Co. is in the business of Financial Management. They accept fixed deposits of different types and also give loan on Fixed deposit. They pay interest to the investors periodically. The management of the company is interested in getting MIS reports from the system. ) Give layout for any 4 major files in the system. b) Draw ERD for the system. c) Give 2 MIS report layouts. 4. Give an illustrative database and four report layouts for an Information System for British Library Pune. 5. Design the following formats of reports produced by Payroll system. What information the organization will get from these reports? a) Pay slip b) Provident fund statement c) Department wise salary summary. 6. Draw the following report layouts and explain their use in decision making. a) Pending sales orders. b) Product wise sales (periodical basis) ) Product wise rejection analysis. 7. Draw report layouts f or the following and elaborate the use of these reports in the process of decision making. i) Stock register ii) Pending Purchase requisition (submitted to purchase department) 8. A distributer of building supplies for construction contractors has a database involving three types of entities: suppliers, products, and customers. Identify some of the important attributes of each type of entity. Draw Entity Relationship Diagram. 9. A mobile company is developing mobile billing system. Company is offering more than one mobile to customer. The mobile company offers facilities like music on demand, internet, alerts and messages, electricity bill payment etc. Customer can choose facilities he wants customer can pay bill either in cash, using credit card or through ECS. The bill shows details about tariff, facility charges and rent. As a analyst design a system having a) Input screen for application for new mobile number. b) Format of pending Bill report 10. Design a web page for Airline reservation system. . How to cite Mis Report, Papers

Total Quality Management & Business Excellence

Question: Describe about the Total Quality Management Business Excellence? Answer: Quality in terms of business and services provision: Quality management is a process by which an organization ensures the product or service consistency. Quality management can also be describing as the system of the management that involves all the employees to integrate a continuous process of improvement. The quality management process has few primary elements (Adams, OBrien Scruth, 2015). Customer focused- the quality of the product or the customers generally evaluate services. So the first criteria of quality management are to be customer focused. Companies do many things to improve the quality such as training of the employees, integration of quality in the process of design, up gradations of software and computers or buying various measuring tools etc. No matter you does everything right or wrong it is customer who decides whether the effort is worthwhile. Involvement of employee- in an organization all the employees work towards a common goal. So to maintain a consistent quality it is very important to involve all the employees in this process. It is possible when fear is out of the mind of all employees; organization provides a proper infrastructure of the work place, which satisfies all employees need. High performance is possible when all employees integrate with each other and coordination is good between them (Aladinrc.wrlc.org, 2015). Process centered- the fundamentals of quality management are depending on the process. Process is the series of steps where inputs are given by the external and internal suppliers to convert into outputs which are delivered to the customer in terms of product or services. So process determines the quality of the ultimate product. More process in a manufacturing line means more quality check of this product, which ensures to identify the minimum variations, which are unexpected in the streamline. Integrated system- Integrated system is the system, which integrates all the departments of an organization. It is very important because all the departments are fundamentally different in their characteristics, which are involved in the process of manufacturing. Everyone in the company should understand the mission and vision of the company to work for a common organizational goal. The performance of the company depends on the understanding of the goal. An integrated system of quality management will always enhance the performance of the organization by indentifying the problems in each step. Strategic and systematic approach- it is very important to plan perfectly of the process of the organization. Proper strategy towards the planning is the key to the quality management. This is the critical part of the process because strategy has to be focus with the mission, vision and goals of the organization (Andrade, Mendes Loureno, 2015). Continual improvement- continuous improvement is the main concept of the quality management. There will be problems, which will arise in the process of production. It is the job of the quality management team to identify each one of them and fixing it by continuous improvement. Fact based decision making- it is very important to know how the well the organization is running. To know this various datas and informations are being collect and analysis are being done for the improvement. Depending on that analysis, right decision is being taken for more improvement. Communication- When decision-making process is done, it comes the time to implement it within the organization. To implement any change in the process it is very necessary to establish a good communication within the organization. Communication is also important to run the day-to-day work, motivating employees and maintaining the moral of the organization. Communication consists of time, method and strategy (Chaudary, Zafar Salman, 2014). Concept of total quality that developed the processes of inspection and assurance: The process of inspection consists of six steps. Planning- first step of inspection is inspection planning which s very necessary for the whole process. The planning of inspection includes where are the areas inspection is important, how many time they will be inspected in a month, who will be the key persons for the inspections etc. these kind of planning helps to schedule the steps of inspections. Planning also set the guideline of the overall process. Over view- Inspection over view is a optional step in the process of inspection. In this step it is being determined the need of the inspection during the phase of inspection planning ('Customer-Defined Quality and Quality-Based Product Portfolio A Theoretical Framework on Quality', 2015). Preparation- in this phase the inspector prepares the checklist and other materials, which will be provide for the inspection. The inspector checks here that whether the items are meeting their requirements, which will ensure the appropriate standards of the products. Meeting- in this process the leader of the inspection team elaborates what to do and which are the process to be follow. The problems were being discussed in detail so that the employees understand well what the objective of the inspection is. From this meeting recorder starts to records each and every discussion and steps, which are performed until the end of the process. Rework- after the inspection problem is identifying in the streamline and measures will be taken to rectify this. The technical staffs will provide the support to rectify the process or step. In this step also the recorder will record datas. Follow up- After the rectification the inspection team will again inspect the process whether they are running properly or not. According to the follow-up process, report will be generated (isites.harvard.edu, 2015). Quality management approach that Toyota had adopted: Toyota as an organization was very keen to make a good relation with their customers as well as business partners. Believing in this philosophy they used to practice few quality management processes which was later known as the Lean philosophy. In this philosophy, Toyota was able to reduce the time between customers order and the shipment by eliminating some process, which was not necessary. In this philosophy, Toyota was able to reduce cost and time (Parvadavardini, Vivek Devadasan, 2015). The company like Toyota should use the six sigma model where there was a very good project where few tools can be used known as DMAIC which helps to address the problems, they are Define- here the problems are being define thoroughly and discussed about the process of rectification (Williams, 2015). Measure- after defining the intensity of the problem is being measured to get an idea about what kind of rectification is required ('Quality, Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions', 2015). Improve- in this stage the team implements the defined solution which helps to improve the quality of the process. Continuous improvement is one of the goals of six-sigma process. Control- after implementing above processes to rectify and improve the quality management the control plays the vital part. If everything, in the streamline is running well and good then the process is under control, which is monitor continuously to ensure that no unexpected changes occur (www.eolss.net, 2015). Customer Satisfaction: For every organization customer satisfaction is the most important thing in terms of quality, quantity or customer service (Maricic, Veljkovic Djordjevic, 2012). The customer satisfaction is the main motive for any organization and the company like TOYOTA always wants to satisfy their customer by providing good service to their customer, so that it will help them to build a good customer relationship for the future. The measurement of the number of customers satisfaction can affects the Toyota Company in a very large way. Toyota is one of the leading companies in the car-selling world, because of its continuous improvement of the technology and the services that it provides to its customer. The customers of the Toyota Company are very much satisfy with the service of the Toyota company because the Toyota company provide the best services to its customers, not only in the time of selling the cars but also after sale services of the Toyota company is very good. From the Toyota point o f view, customer satisfaction is the most important thing because it indicates that how the customers like the product or services, which are provide by the Toyota Company, and it indicates the future purchasing of the customer. Customers satisfaction is also create the differentiation between the companies; it reduces the competitions among the different competitors, which is very helpful for the company. Customers satisfaction is also can be measure with the system of feedback from the customers; many cars selling company as if Toyota is introduce the feedback collecting system from the customers, so that they can know about the satisfaction levels of the customers, which will help them to improve the quality of products or services. Continuous Improvement of the Toyota Company: Continuous improvement is the process of ongoing effort, which all the companies want to do for the satisfaction of the customers (Sloan Sloan, 2011). By the process of continuous improvement the companies always tries to develop the system of the company. It is the process of improving the quality of the product or the services provided by the particular company as the Toyota Company always want to improve the process of production of the cars, so that they can serve their more accurately. The growth of the company is largely depends on the innovation of the company, the introduction of the new and advance technology help the Toyota company to improve the standard of their business. The Toyota Company always wants to serve their customers in a better way that is why they recently, try to give safety and comfort to their customers. The continuous improvement process also eliminates the risk of producing the defect items in the company, because of the advance technology. The Toyota Company also gives proper training to the employees of the company so that the employees can serve the customers in a better way. This is a continuous process for the Toyota Company; they believe that if the employees of the organization are train than only they can provide the best quality of services to their customers. Types of added value and benefits of Toyota, which will be effective for quality management: There are various types of added value and benefits that the Toyota adapts for the effective quality management. They are: The reduction of the risk is one of the added value for the Toyota company, as it give satisfaction to the customer because safety is one of the important measure for the customers, the Toyota company reduce the risk, by promising the safety of the customers (Mashhadi, Alnge Roos, 2012). The Toyota Company passed all the safety measure, which should there before selling the car. The quality of the products or services also improve by the Toyota company, so that it can help to satisfy the customers need and because of these improvements the customers of the Toyota company are always happy to buy the car from the Toyota (Chatterjee, 2013). The quality is very important for any car selling company, because it provides the safety measure to the customers, no customers wants to buy low quality car now a days. Time management is also the added value for the Toyota company, as they always try to deliver the product or services in time to their customers, because time is very important for everyone now a days (Majamaki Hellman, 2015). In early days the Toyota use to take so much of time to deliver the car, but in the present days because of its new technology or advance system the Toyota Company are able to deliver the car within a very short period. The increasing in the numbers of the stores is also the added value for the Toyota company, for example before there was a very few Toyota store in the market, but now a days there are much more stores in the market, and the customers can get the very easily (Veeraraghavan Vaidyanathan, 2011). The Toyota also increases the capacity of the production of the car, so that they can serve the customer in a better way. Effective marketing and the information those are available to the customers: The Toyota Company always try to do marketing in such a way for the Toyota cars that it can catch the minds of the customers very easily (Milichovsk imberov, 2015). The company also focuses for the distribution of the product in a very wide range, so that it can easily available to the customers. The Toyota also wants to make it advertisement in a classic ways, as it has the good reputation in the market. Toyota also offers the hybrid products to its customers, which are very valuable in terms of customers satisfaction. The information those are available in the market about the Toyota car: The information about the products of the company (Thu Nga Binh, 2012). The information about the range of the products those are available for the customers. The information about the company overview, so that the customers can have the knowledge of the company before buying the products. The whole information those are necessary about the car, before buying any cars. Measuring Process of Quality Management: Total quality management are a set of tools which are used to measure the quantify outcomes, structures, processes of a particular product and services. Every organization used the quality management tools to improve their product and to identify the pros and cons of their product (Brown, 2013). Toyota has a great reputation in manufacturing high quality vehicles in different parts of the world and the reputation was achieved by providing quality services to its customers. It uses a set of management tools to measure its product quality and they are as follows: Six-Sigma: It is the most disciplined data approach, which is use to eliminate the defects. Toyota uses this approach to eliminate the effects in an effective way in order to deliver the quality services to its customers. Six-Sigma is one of the most accurate forms of approach to identify the defects in the product and services (Calabrese Corb, 2014). It also helps to meet the requirements of the customers and improve the customer retention and growth in business. Quality Management System (QMS): It is a set of processes, which is use to develop the quality of the product and services. Toyota also uses this total quality management to meet the needs of the customer in a standard way. It is also a cost effective process and the need for this TQM technique is keep on growing in every business sector (Chandna, 2014). The quality management system helps to measure the financial and non-financial results and detects the process based causes. DMAIC Tools: It provides variation from business and manufacturing process. The five steps approaches of DMAIC are Define, Measures, Analyze, Improve and Control. It is the most defect free process and highly effective for long process. It is very competitive in nature an results positively (Ebrahimi, Wei Rad, 2014). Benefits of User and Non-user Surveys: The user survey is use to generate information from the people about the product and services they are using. It helps to understand the requirement and needs of the potential customers. It also helps to improve the products and services by knowing the actual needs of the customers. User survey benefits: Feedback: The main benefit of the survey is to know that whether the customer is satisfied with the Toyotas product or not. It gives a chance to the people to share their relevant views towards the company products and services. The user survey allows the potential customer to offer their loyalty towards the company and the company will know that how the customer is feeling after buying their product. Commitment: The people like the idea that the company is so much concerned about their customer and they are providing after sales services. A long-term commitment always attracts the customer to purchase the same brand in the future. It is also a sign that the company is caring enough for their customer that they are trying to improve their product on the references of their valued customers. Non-user survey is conduct to know the people reasons that are not using the Toyota products and services. It helps to develop a strategy to target the non-buyer and turn them into a loyal customer. Non-user Survey benefits: Create Awareness: This kind of survey helps the company to create awareness about their products and services. The people are aware about the company and its product and is helps to influence the future buying decisions of the customers. Target New Market and Customer: The Non-user survey helps the company to target a very new market and new customers. During the process of survey, they also provide information about the Toyota product and help people to make buying decisions. Methods of Consultation: There are several methods, which are use to encourage the under-represented groups. The following are some of the major methods: Telephone surveys: It is one of most effective tool to measure the perceptions and expectations of the under-represented groups. It allows to directly speaking to the customers about their experiences about the companys product and services (Edwards, 2013). Mail Surveys: It is one of the most cost effective ways to know the views of the people in an adequate manner. It gives a lot of time to the customer to think on their views and necessity to answer the given questions related to the survey. Interviews: A personal interview is the best possible way to know the taste, choices and preferences of an individual. So a individual is chosen randomly from the group to share his concerns and information about the company and the product. It allows the individual to share his concern in a broader way. Personal interviews are considered to be as one of the most effective ways of communication between two people. Group interviews: It helps to analyze the actual situation of a particular group and allows everyone to share their concerns. It is the effective way to discuss the real facts and the group decision is very much necessary for any crucial prospects (Gimenez-Espin, Jimnez-Jimnez Martnez-Costa, 2013). Identify the Value of Complaints: Every company implements some complaint procedure to make sure that the customer is satisfied after buying their product. It is use to identify that whether the customer is facing any problems regarded to the product or not. Toyota uses this tool to make sure that his valued customers will be always loyal to them and no problems can affect their future buying decisions ('Overhaul for complaints process', 2013). The system of complaining gives the opportunity to the company to identify the problems related to their product and services. The complaint on a particular product shows that the product needs improvement that helps the company for future development. The data gathered during as complaints used to modify the strategies and helps to develop the product in such a way that helps to fulfill the needs and demands of the customers. The procedures of making complaints in Toyota is very simple and easy, they do value the important concerns of their potential customers and always try to suggest them with some appropriate solutions. It gives a detailed view of the problems faced by the customers and the customers will get satisfied when they get a quick and effective response from the company (Prashar, 2015). The Role of Self-Assessment: The most important aim of every organization to get a sustainable growth in the market and to achieve success self-assessment is very much necessary that requires a systematic review. The self-assessment plays a very vital role in the field of achieving success and identifies new and innovative ideas ('Self-assessment', 2013). It also encourages the employees to increase their productivity according to the current situation of the company. Toyota always focuses on self-assessment to improve the quality of his product and services. It is one of the cost effective process, which allows the company to develop their services according to the needs and demands of his valued customers. The self-assessment process adopted by Toyota believes in providing quick and fair results and helps to increase the benefits for the company. It is a very effective way to formulate a strategy, which helps in controlling the quality management, and it requires a very little amount of time. The total quality management plays a very important role in eliminating defects from the company products and services (Calabrese Corb, 2014). The process of self-assessment is founds to be the most successful reason for the product sustainability and development. Importance of communication and record keeping at Toyota: Communication: The Toyota Company is of the leading company in todays world, because of its quality of products and services. For any leading organization, it is very important to make the proper communication to its own employees and as well as to the customers, because communication is the only way through which the organizations can reduce the conflicts, or the communication gaps. Toyota doing its business through worldwide, so it is very important for the Toyota Company to communicate to its branches and stores, so that everyone can know that what is going on. Through communication, only the employees of the company can know about the present situation of the company. Record keeping: The process of the record keeping is very important for any organization for collecting the information. The record keeping is the book in which there is a record about the customers of the company (Domosh, 2015). For the Toyota Company record keeping is necessary because, it can give them the record of the customer from where they can pull out the information about the customers and can follow up the active customers. Record keeping system can also help the Toyota Company to progress the business, by giving the proper information about the customers. A good record keeping system can help the company in many ways like; it can provide the full information and can use for the benefit of the company in the future. Guidelines on the Stages of Staff Consultation: It is very necessary for every organization that employees should share their views and ideas with each other and discuss new plans for the growth and development of the company. The proper way of communication and consultation among the employees indicates the healthy environment of the organization. The continuous consultation among the staffs help to implement new and developed plans related to the quality management. Every organization has to appraise the effective communication and consultation. The senior management has to support the implementation of new and effective ideas for innovation in the field of quality schemes. Everyone in the organization has the right to share his views and concerns along with the employees. Toyota is a very big brand and always encourages new and innovative ideas to get a sustainable growth and development in the market. They believe in delivering quality services to their valued customers and earn their loyalty towards the product. New system or modification to Toyota, which can help them to improve the service quality: There are various safety measures that can be use by the Toyota Company to improve the service quality of the Toyota (Sigala Kyriakidou, 2015). The Toyota company can make calls to the customers for providing the after sale service, which is very important in terms of the customers, because the customers always want to the first servicing very quickly and neatly. As there is always anxiety in the mind of the customers for the first servicing of the new car and about its features. The Toyota Company can also collect the feedback from the customers, so that it can help them to know about the satisfaction level of the customers and it will help the Toyota for improving the quality of service. The collection of the feedback system can be important way for improving the quality of service for the Toyota Company, because from this feedback system, the Toyota Company can understand the problems that are facing by the user of the Toyota cars, and it will help the Toyota Company to rectify t hose issues. References: Brown, A. (2013). 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Marketing, 43(4), 235-244. doi:10.5937/markt1204235m Mashhadi, A., Alnge, S., Roos, L. (2012). Introducing robust design in product development: Learning from an initiative at Volvo. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 23(9-10), 1191-1205. doi:10.1080/14783363.2012.728847 Milichovsk, F., imberov, I. (2015). Marketing effectiveness: Metrics for effective strategic marketing. EE, 26(2). doi:10.5755/j01.ee.26.2.3826 Sigala, M., Kyriakidou, O. (2015). Creativity and innovation in the service sector. The Service Industries Journal, 35(6), 297-302. doi:10.1080/02642069.2015.1010159 Sloan, K., Sloan, T. (2011). Dispersion of continuous improvement and its impact on continuous improvement. International Journal Of Technology Management, 55(1/2), 43. doi:10.1504/ijtm.2011.041679 Thu Nga, N., Binh, L. (2012). Establishment of a system for regeneration and transfor-mation in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using somatic embryo. TAP CHI SINH HOC, 34(3). doi:10.15625/0866-7160/v34n3.2471 Veeraraghavan, S., Vaidyanathan, R. (2011). Measuring Seat Value in Stadiums and Theaters. Production And Operations Management, 21(1), 49-68. doi:10.1111/j.1937-5956.2011.01249. Adams, C., OBrien, R., Scruth, E. (2015). Transformational Quality in Kaiser Permanente Northern California.Quality Management In Health Care,24(1), 4-8. doi:10.1097/qmh.0000000000000015 Aladinrc.wrlc.org,. (2015).bitstream/handle. Retrieved 16 June 2015, from https://aladinrc.wrlc.org/bitstream/handle/1961/10692/Schweitzer,%20Catherine%20-%20Spring%2012.pdf?sequence=1 Andrade, J., Mendes, L., Loureno, L. (2015). Perceived psychological empowerment and total quality management-based quality management systems: an exploratory research.Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 1-12. doi:10.1080/14783363.2015.1050166 Chaudary, S., Zafar, S., Salman, M. (2014). Does total quality management still shine? Re-examining the total quality management effect on financial performance.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,26(7-8), 811-824. doi:10.1080/14783363.2014.895521 Customer-Defined Quality and Quality-Based Product Portfolio A Theoretical Framework on Quality. (2015).Ind Eng Manage,04(01). doi:10.4172/2169-0316.1000152 isites.harvard.edu,. (2015).Lean_Six%20Sigma. Retrieved 16 June 2015, from https://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic747719.files/Supplemental%20Reading%20Folder/Lean_Six%20Sigma.pdf Parvadavardini, S., Vivek, N., Devadasan, S. (2015). Impact of quality management practices on quality performance and financial performance: evidence from Indian manufacturing companies.Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 1-24. doi:10.1080/14783363.2015.1015411 Quality, Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions. (2015).Progress In Management Sciences,2(1). doi:10.15192/pscp.pms.2015.2.1.18 Williams, R. (2015). Quality improvement.Nursing Management,21(9), 15-15. doi:10.7748/nm.21.9.15.s19 www.eolss.net,. (2015).sample-chapter. Retrieved 16 June 2015, from https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c15/e1-28-04-09.pdf

Todays Mafia Essays - Gambino Crime Family, John Gotti, Jerry Capeci

Today's Mafia Although many arrests have been made, organized crime and the Mafia are still very active. Organized crime and its families, particularly the Italian mafia, have increased their illegal activities significantly over the past few decades. The Mafia and organized crime go hand and hand, one cannot be spoken without the other. Both of these forms of criminal actions have been recognized since the late 1800's, and police say it is not disappearing too fast. (Widener 6) Migration from Italy, has brought over many Italian criminals and crime tactics. The Italian Mafia has always been based on the island of Sicily and the southern mainland provinces of Calabria and Campania. (Worsnop 273) Traffic in drugs, chiefly heroin, provides the bulk of the Italian Mafia's revenue from Sicily. Cocaine is becoming more important, however, as drug lords from Colombia try to expand beyond the Americas. To gain a foothold in Europe, the Colombians have got to strike deals with the Mafia, which ironically guards its home turf. (273) Italy in general, has added to the crime list of the Mafia for over 100 years. The famous Al Capone, the Italian-American gangster of the Prohibition era, also known as Scarface because of a knife cut to his cheek. (Nash 79) He was born Alphonse Capone in Naples, Italy, and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He left school at an early age and spent nearly ten years hanging-out with gangs. In the 1920's he took over a Chicago organization dealing in illegal liquor, gambling, and prostitution from the gangster Johnny Torrio. (80) Convicted of income tax evasion in 1931 and sentenced to 11 years in prison, he was released in 1939. After obtaining syphilis, he went on to reside in Miami Beach, Florida. (80) Many Italian families are a major influence on the organized crime melting pot. Families such as the Colombo's, the Gambino's, the Bannanno's, and the Luchesse's have migrated from Italy, and play an important role in the organized crime system. (Worsnop 267) The Colombo family, which consists of approximately 100 members is currently led by Victor Orena. Victor is currently acting as boss due to the absence of Carmine Persico, who is serving a prison sentence for racketeering. (268) The Colombo families main activities include loan sharking, gambling, smuggling, and narcotics. This family guides much of its attention to the states of Florida and Texas. (Inman E2) The Gambino Family is the largest Mafia Family in the United States. This family has over 500 members and are located throughout the nation. Although indicted this family is still managed by John Gotti. Most of the focus of this family is on contracted killings, gambling, narcotics, and extortion. The focus of this family is nationwide. (E1) The Bannanno and the Luchesse families do not play as an important role in the organized crime melting pot as the Colombo and Gambino families do. (Worsnop 279) Both families combined for about 200 members. The main focus of criminal activity between the families are counterfeiting and pornography. This mostly spreads throughout most of the southwestern portion of the U.S. (Inman E2) Although New York seems to be the place where most Mafia action occurs, many other areas are influenced by the Mafia. Many people think that the Mafia only exists in New York. Astonishing enough New York is ranked nineteen out of twenty-five on the list of most active organized crime cities. Cities like San Jose, Kansas City, Milwaukee, and Rockford, Ill., rank within the top ten. (Trimble 30) Some major crimes committed in the smaller cities are credit-card fraud, hijacking, prostitution, and drugs. (30) Some illegal business fronts include Nightclubs, Fast-food outlets, trucking, and garbage collection. (30) In the international Melting Pot of organized crime, has many different cultures. Such groups as the Chinese Triads, the Japanese Yakuza, and the Vietnamese Gangs, whom all base their sect along the same lines of the New York Mafia families. (Worsnop 270) The Chinese Triads are secret societies which were formed to overthrow the Ching Dynasty (Chinese government) in the early 1900's. (270) It was soon reintroduced again in the 1990's. Some of the crimes related to the Chinese include extortion, gambling, and smuggling of narcotics and aliens. (270) The Japanese Yakuza

na essays

na essays No one else is free while others are oppressed, states Martin L. King. It is an essential claim that women are oppressed. What is oppression? Oppression is the subjugation by one group to another group. By being oppressed you are being denied your human right to be an equal. Equality should not be an unattainable ideal that is only imagined in a far off place. Equality should be realistic and true. However, is equality just an unrealistic ideal for women in todays society? To achieve a goal of equality, oppression has to be dealt with in the way we talk, the way we live, and the way we are taught. The treatment of women in todays society is related to culture and the society we are living in. Marilyn Frye relates oppression to a birdcage. You cannot see oppression just by looking at one bar in the cage, you have to look at the whole picture. Only by taking a couple steps back can you see that oppression is in our homes and in our everyday lives. We live in a mans world, and we also live in a society of double standards. Take for example our language, this form of communication describes our values and attitudes. In language women are often oppressed in words such as: Mrs., Miss, Ms.. This form of language is a tool for ownership. If we hear the word Mrs., automatically she is married or owned by her husband. However, Mr. is only used in one connotation. Like Frye expresses, unless looked at from the big picture prospective, it is neglected. This is just one example of our language that reflects the subordination of women. Now I am a guy, just the usual Joe Schmoe if thats what you wish to call me. Nevertheless, I have one unique character that differentiates me from most other males. I have my eyes wide open to the world. I am aware what is wrong with the world, and I am conscious that having an open-mind is in my best interest. I witness other males op ...

How To Nail Product Positioning With April Dunford

How To Nail Product Positioning With April Dunford The success of your company depends on the marketing you do, how you choose to present the benefits of a product or service, and which audience to target. How you position a product or service can make or break your company. Stop right there. Forget everything you thought you knew about product positioning. Connecting your product or service with buyers is not a matter of following trends, selling harder, or trying to attract the widest customer base. Today, my guest is April Dunford, who has launched more than a dozen products and shares some of the biggest mistakes that startups, marketers, and entrepreneurs make with product positioning. Also, she’s the author of Obviously Awesome: How to Nail Product Positioning So Customers Get It, Buy It, Love It. April’s book describes her point of view on positioning and offers a step-by-step process to perfectly position your product or service. Career Change: Fake it til you figure it out. How hard can it be? Do it right, and the company grows quickly, gets acquired; you get bored and do another startup Definition of Positioning: How to win at doing something that a well-defined market cares about Perfect marketing execution won’t save you from weak positioning; marketing execution and results are only as good as positioning that feeds into them Who should decide the positioning for your product? Everybody Siebel Story: Too small to buy out beyond a billion dollars Positioning Pitfalls: People don’t do positioning deliberately; and when they try to fix it, they don’t follow a process but wing it or write a â€Å"Positioning Statement† Positioning Statement Components: Who’s your competitive alternatives? What are the unique capabilities or features that your product has? What’s the value that those features can enable for customers? Who’s my target customer? Is this a market that I’m going to win? Signs of weak positioning include: How a customer reacts to your product/service They compare you to a non-competitor; not in the right market Customer knows what you do, but not the value or why they should careLinks: April Dunford Obviously Awesome: How to Nail Product Positioning So Customers Get It, Buy It, Love It If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by April Dunford: â€Å"Not only is positioning a thing I should figure out, its potentially a super powerful thing.† â€Å"Two years after graduating from engineering, Im running this great big marketing team. Its global. I’ve got this giant budgeteven though I was completely unqualified for it.† â€Å"I focus on positioning, mainly because I think people do a really terrible job at positioning. Theres not many people that know how to do it right.† â€Å"A shift in positioning can totally result in a shift in the product roadmap, a shift in your pricing, a shift in a way you sell, a shift in your channels.† You see signs of weak positioning across your entire sales marketing funnel, but often the place where it’s most obvious is looking at how a customer reacts when they first encounter your product or your offering.

Bible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bible - Essay Example De Duve (2005) proposed that "Science is based on the postulate that the universe obeys natural laws and is intelligible within the framework of those laws," and this belief is commonly shared by an ever-increasing global populace encompassing both theists and atheists, natural scientists and non-scientists alike. In fact, while pseudo and legitimate religious groups grow in wide diversity from New Age to Panentheism, the Christian belief of God and the Savior remains one of the most enthralling religious wonders of our time. Humbling and altogether enlightening when deeply understood. Thomas Aquinas summed up the answer for the question "Why did the Son of God have to suffer for us" when he wrote: It can be considered in a twofold way: in the first place, as a remedy for sin, and secondly, as an example of how to act." Aquinas argued that "in the face of all the evils which we incur on account of our sins, we have found relief through the passion of Christ. Yet, it is no less an example, for the passion of Christ completely suffices to fashion our lives. Whoever wishes to live perfectly should do nothing but disdain what Christ disdained on the cross and desire what he desired, for the cross exemplifies every virtue." He added that "If you seek the example of love: Greater love than this no man has, than to lay down his life for his friends (New Testament). Such a man was Christ on the cross. And if he gave his life for us, then it should not be difficult to bear whatever hardships arise for his sake." Together with the virtue of love, Aquinas cited other virtues represented on the man and the cross: patience for enduring the pain, sorrow and suffering, humility for allowing himself to be judged by the angry mob and Pontius Pilate, obedience to the will of His Father, and immateriality. Finney (1851) in his argument presented 24 reasons why Jesus had to suffer on the cross but this discussion shall present only those which conveys governmental underpinning as: First, he reasoned, is due to God's great and all-encompassing love quoting John (New Testament) "God so loved the world, that He gave His Only Begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have Everlasting Life" (John 3:16). Second, "His great love to the universe at large [] inasmuch as it was impossible that the atonement should not exert an amazing influence over moral beings [e.g., angels]" Third, "That an infinite amount of suffering might be prevented. The relation of Christ to the universe rendered his sufferings so infinitely valuable and influential, as an expression of God's abhorrence of sin on the one hand, and his great love to his subjects on the otherAs a governmental expedient it is easy to see the great value of such a substitute; that on the one hand it fully evinced t he determination of the ruler not to yield the authority of his law, and on the other, to evince his great and disinterested love for his rebellious subjects." In this argument, Finney (1851) quoted the

After Visiting Local Museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

After Visiting Local Museum - Essay Example Visiting the museum, I had two agendas, one was an academic agenda, while the other was having a good time in the place and getting to know more about different things about the Native Americans. What caught my attention most was the atmosphere of the museum. The outside of the museum was serene and extremely quiet. The compound was dotted with different types of trees and shrubs that gave the compound an anaesthetic look and feeling. Its paved walkways gave the museum a decent feeling and look, which was captivating to the visitors. There were different species of flowers planted in close intervals, with the well-trimmed glass surrounding its compound. The first instance, the place looked less of a museum, with the neat compound with the extra efforts extended towards making it a beautiful place to captivate the attention of the people and the visitors. The outside walls of the one storey building housing the museum were red, with large windows that let in adequate light into the interior of the museum. The architectural design of the museum was very similar to that of a learning institution. Its interior walls were coloured bright, making it brightly lit from the inside. The arrangement of the collection was appealing. The arrangement of the collection pieces were in accordance to their respective categories. The professionalism used in the arrangement and the labelling of the artefacts as well as cultural pieces was amazing. Not a single piece appeared mistakenly placed, as their descriptions matched with the categories placed in.

Water Scarcity Could Result in War Essay Example for Free

Water Scarcity Could Result in War Essay Water is a very important resource since no one can live without water. In many countries especially those enclosed by borders, water remains to be a scarce resource. Because of many factors such as pollution and climate change, water has become a greater issue and has been identified as a possible cause for war. It is of greater importance in comparison to oil since people can live without oil but not without water. Even as much of the earth is composed of water, only 2. 5 percent is not saline and two thirds of this 2. 5 percent is frozen in ice caps and glaciers. At least 20 percent of what remains are situated in areas away from civilization. Consequently, humans have access to only 0. 08 percent of the planet’s water not to mention a portion of this that is not potable because of pollutants. With a limited supply of potable water and a demand that is expected to increase by 40 percent in the next two decades, the world is facing a water crisis (Kirby). India is one country that is experiencing a water crisis and it is not expected that the level of precipitation in India would increase to make up for a relatively high rate of population increase. Another factor that affects the water supply in India is that much of its rivers are polluted. This urged the local government to act and clean all major rivers. Professor Klaus Topfer explains that the world population is increasing but the amount of drinking water available does not increase which results in conflict over the resource (Joshi). The water crisis in India could even spark war with China as the latter diverted the flow of the Brahmaputra River, coming from Tibet flowing into the mainland and into India, in order to bring water to water-scarce areas in the country. This has spawned tension between the already not-so-good relations between the two countries. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh talked to Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao about the issue when he visited Beijing but Jiabao argued that the move is critical to the country’s survival (Ramachandran). Numerous other countries have had conflicts regarding water supply. Turkey planned to build a dam on the Euphrates River. Syria accused Turkey of meddling with their water supply which almost triggered war between the two nations. Tension also existed between Botswana, Namibia and Angola because of the Okavango basin. Additionally, conflict has existed between Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia because of water from the Nile River. Water scarcity was also a crucial factor in the Arab-Israeli war in 1967. Israel mainly controls the Jordan River which causes Jordan and Palestine to suffer from a limited water supply (Reid). Even states within the United States have engaged in conflict with each other because of the scarcity of drinking water. In October 2007, Alabama filed a complaint against the Engineer Corp for reducing the water released from Lake Allatoona which will have serious implications on the state’s water supply as well as the navigability of the Alabama River. Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue wanted to cut the release of water from Lake Lanier into Chattahoochee River which means taking water from Alabama as Georgia is suffering from a severe drought (Dille). According to United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, â€Å"water scarcity threatens economic and social gains and is a potent fuel for wars and conflict. † Several environment experts in Great Britain also pointed in the same direction. They have identified 46 countries that are vulnerable to a water crisis arising from climate change and other crises that could result in violent conflict. These 46 countries are home to more than 2. 7 billion people (Trumpet). Various studies and models suggest that climate change will have a significant impact on the availability of freshwater resources, on water quality, and on the demand for water. Climate and regional hydrologic models suggest changes in the variability of storms, in the frequency, intensity, and area of tropical disturbances, and in the frequency of droughts and flooding in particular areas. (van der Molen Hildering 136) However, climate change may not be the real reason behind the water crisis, also considering that climate change whether it is true or not is still unproven. Even if the world’s water supply was not affected by climate change, the supply would still not be able to meet the demand. There needs to be 20 percent more potable water in order to satisfy the demand once world population reaches 8 billion in 2005 (Trumpet). In 2001, United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan said that war, instead of being triggered by the battle for oil, would be triggered by the scarcity of water resources. Probable sites of conflict are bodies of water such as rivers that are shared by a number of countries (AAP). It may be noted that conflict had always been caused by the battle for resources even as people are not aware of it. This is the natural law for survival (Mason). Water is a very important resource since it is critical for the survival of humans aside from its other uses. Many countries have already engaged in conflict with other countries because of water. Even US states have had quarrels with each other because of the scarcity of the resource. In the future, war would be fought for water instead of oil and this is hardly an exaggeration. The world is a game of survival and people need water to survive. If there is not enough of the resource, it can be expected that people would fight over it. Works Cited AAP. 2006. â€Å"Lack of water, energy could cause war. † Energy Refuge. December 18, 2008 http://www. energyrefuge. com/archives/energy_and_war. htm Dille, Shannon. 31 October 2007. â€Å"Drought Causes Water War Among Southern States. † Samford Crimson. December 18, 2008 http://media. www. samfordcrimson. com/media/storage/paper1166/news/2007/10/31/News/Drought. Causes. Water. War. Among. Southern. States-3068251. shtml Joshi, Yateendra. 26 February 2003. â€Å"Water: cause for war in the future. † Mumbai Central. December 18, 2008 http://www. mumbai-central. com/nukkad/feb2003/msg00891. html Kirby, Alex. 2 June 2000. â€Å"Dawn of a thirsty century. † British Broadcasting Corporation. December 18, 2008 http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/science/nature/755497. stm Mason, Betsy. 21 November 2008. â€Å"The Science of the Future of War. † Wired. December 18, 2008 http://blog. wired. com/wiredscience/2008/11/sex-and-war-exc. html Ramachandran, Sudha. 12 August 2008. â€Å"India quakes over China’s water plan. † War In Iraq. December 18, 2008 http://iraqwar. mirror-world. ru/article/183411 Reid, John. 28 February 2006. â€Å"Water Wars: Climate change may spark conflict. † Independent. December 18, 2008 http://www. independent. co. uk/environment/water-wars-climate-change-may-spark-conflict-467957. html â€Å"Water Scarcity: A Cause for War. † 6 December 2007. Trumpet. December 18, 2008 http://www. thetrumpet. com/index. php? q=4532. 2790. 0. 0 Van der Molen, Irna Hildering, Antoinette. â€Å"Water: cause for conflict or co-operation? † Journal on Science and World Affairs 1. 2005:136.

Legalization of Marijuana for Medical Use Only Essay example -- pro me

The history of U.S. policy toward mind-altering substances has followed cycles of tolerance and intolerance ever since the mid-19th century. The medical use of the cannabis plant goes back at least 5,000 years to ancient China. It has been used by most of the world’s cultures for its healing properties (Medical Marijuana Cases 1). Today such conditions as Migraine headaches, Glaucoma, Cancer, Epilepsy, Asthma AIDS/HIV, Spinal injury, Muscle spasms, Insomnia etc., could be treated for symptomatic relief with cannabis or cannabis extract. However, marijuana is still considered an illegal drug in most states in the United States. Marijuana usage may have been common 20-30 years ago, but it really isn’t any longer. Judy Foreman states that a hardy band of activists seeking legislative approval of perennial bill that would bring Massachusetts in line with 34 other states in letting patients with certain conditions smoke marijuana (1). 2 What was known, as the â€Å"wicked weed† of the sixties can be good medicine . Marijuana certainly seems safer than may other drugs, even aspirin that causes gastrointestinal bleeding, killing hundreds of people every year (Grinspoon/Bakalar 4).3 There are lots of drugs American society does not let people use except under doctor’s care, for instance, cocaine, Demerol, est. No one thinks we have legalized cocaine because we let surgeon or anesthesiologists use it. Therefore, the notion that there is a link between medical use and whether people should to be able to legally get stoned is nonsense. One situation does not necessarily include the other. Nevertheless, there has not been a single death by overdose (Foreman 4).2 As an enlightened society, we must reconsider the legalization of marijuana for medical use only as it eases pain and suffering of many illnesses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To effect changing the attitudes within our society about marijuana, one must be realistic about the legislation of our own bodies. Right now cocaine and morphine are prescribed legally as medicines, and those legal uses are not adding in any significant way to the country drug problem. While experts debate the medical use of marijuana, patients in Santa Cruz, San Francisco and Alameda County are lining up at Cannabis Buyers’ Club to receive the drug. Despite the coffee house atmosphere at the Cannabis Buyers’ Club marijuana remains illegal. Although some ch... ...ting a combined total of almost 10,000 physicians statewide endorse the proposition (Don’t Jail Med 5).9 What can we do to help? We must stop building prisons instead we must rebuild our lives. Works Cited 1. Mikki, Norris, and Chris Conrad. Medical Marijuana Cases. N.p.: Inernet mario lap, 1996. 2. Foreman, Judy. â€Å"Medical Marijuana (Acure or Curse).† Boston Globe [Boston, Mass.] 7 Oct. 1991: 25-26 3. Grinspoon, Lester, and James B. Bakalar. â€Å"Marihuana as Medicine A Plea for Reconsideration.† American Medical Association.† 273 (June 1995): 1875-1876. 4. Donnelly, Kathleen. â€Å"The Cannabis Prescription.† San Joes Mercury News, 6 Feb   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5. Schlosser, Eric. â€Å"More Reefer Madness.† Atlantic Apr. 1997: 90-102 6. â€Å"Deglamorising Cannabis.† Editorial Lancet 11 Nov. 1995: 1241. 7. â€Å"Marijuana as Medicine.† Editorial San Francisco Chronicle 31 Jan. 1997: A24. 8. Morganthau, Tom. â€Å"The War Over Weed.† Newsweek 3 Feb. 1997: 20+. 9. â€Å"Don’t Jail Medicinal Marijuana Patients†. Online NORML Internet. 21 Nov. 1996. 10. Mikuriya, Tod. Marijuana Medical Handbook. N.p.: Internet. 11. Postrel, Virginia I. â€Å"Reefer Madness.† Washington Post 3 Mar. 1997: 4.

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Health And Social Care Essay

Context: Benign paroxysmal positional dizziness ( BPPV ) is characterized by brief enchantments of dizziness, sickness and/or positional nystagmus during head positional motions, and may impact on patientis activity of day-to-day lifes. Purposes: The intent of this survey was to find the efficaciousness of using postural limitations after Epley manoeuvre on curative success in patients with posterior semicircular canal BPPV ( p-BPPV ) . Puting and Design: The survey was conducted among 53 patients with p-BPPV between the ages of 27 and 68 old ages old, at Khatamol Anbia infirmary in Zahedan metropolis, Iran. Materials and Methods: At first, patients who complained of positional dizzinesss were examined by Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre to find the being of p-BPPV and so, Epley manoeuvre was performed for them. These patients were indiscriminately divided in two groups based on the prescribed postural limitations after Epley manoeuvre, one group with postural limitations and the 2nd with no limitations. Datas Analysis: Chi-square trial was performed to compare two groups ‘ results. Consequences: Consequences did non demo any important difference between with and without limitation groups. Decision: In general, despite of earlier suggestions about reding postural limitation after Epley manoeuvre for patients with p-BPPV, the present survey showed that these instructions had no important consequence on the patients ‘ intervention results. Hence, as using any limitation might has a direct consequence on patients ‘ quality of life, so this issue should be noticed in intervention plans for patients with p-BPPV. Keywords: Benign paroxysmal positional dizziness, Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre, Epley manoeuvre, Postural limitation, dizziness. Introduction Benign paroxysmal positional dizziness ( BPPV ) is one of the most common diseases of the interior ear, reported in the literature as being responsible for about 17 % of the clinical diagnosings of giddiness [ 1 ] and was foremost described in 1921 by Barany [ 2 ] . It is characterized by brief onslaughts of dizziness, sickness and/or positional nystagmus during caput motions. Vertigo enchantment makes a obscure feeling of floating-like giddiness and may go on for hours, or even yearss. The perennial nature and clinical badness of BPPV may impact the patientis activity of day-to-day lifes [ 3 ] . BPPV may be found in all age ranges, but it increases with aging and its extremum of incidence is within 50 and 70 old ages [ 4 ] . BPPV may be resulted from job in any semicircular canal ( SCC ) , and most often from the posterior semicircular canal ( p-SCC ) [ 2 ] . In this instance, dizziness largely is manifested when lying down in bed and particularly, with caput rotary motion to affect ed side. The natural clinical class of BPPV is self-limited and by and large does non react to antivertigo drugs. Dix and Hallpike in 1952 described in item the marks and symptoms of BPPV ( the descriptive term of ibenign paroxysmal positioning vertigoi foremost used by these writers ) . They besides proposed the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre to arouse the dizziness onslaught and corroborate the diagnosing [ 2 ] . There are assorted interventions for BPPV including ; the canalith repositioning process ( CRP ) , libratory manoeuvres, Semont manoeuvre, vestibular addiction preparation, and surgical interventions such as remarkable neurectomy or occlusion of posterior semicircular canal [ 2 ] . The most common manoeuvre is the CRP or Epley manoeuvre which is based on the canalolithiasis theory [ 6 ] . There is some contention about the rate of intervention effects by Epley manoeuvre in different surveies [ 7-18 ] .This variableness might be caused by different techniques used in these surveies. Significant differences in these techniques are ( 1 ) placement and intermission continuance in each place, ( 2 ) the usage of mastoid oscillation, and ( 3 ) postural limitation after manoeuvre. Some writers proposed using postural limitations after Epley manoeuvre to forestall symptoms ‘ backslidings. In this instance the patient is instructed to avoid caput and bole motion, utilizing a cervix neckband and kiping in semi-seated place, with the caput inclined at 45 grade from the horizontal program for two yearss. Then, in the 5 subsequent yearss, the patient is instructed to avoid sleeping over the affected ear. However, there are some contentions about the efficaciousness of these postural limitations on meeting intervention ends in patients with BPPV [ 9-14 ] . This survey was done to look into the efficaciousness of using postural limitations after Epley manoeuvre on curative success in patients with p-BPPV in Zahedan, the centre of Sistan and Baluchestan state at southeasterly Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS -Subjects and Procedure This survey was performed from March 2005 to September 2007, in rhinolaryngology clinic of Khatamol Anbia infirmary in Zahedan metropolis. Otologic, neurologic and audiometric scrutinies were performed on patients who ab initio reported vertigo symptoms. Then, Dix-Hallpike trial was performed for diagnosing of p-BPPV on these patients except for whom with history of drug intervention. Besides, presence of nystagmus was detected by have oning a Frenzle Glasses during Dix-Hallpike trial. The Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre was done by an experient clinician while patient sitting on the bed. Then the clinician rotated the patient ‘s caput to one side, and quickly changed his/her sitting place to a lying one, while caput hanging 45 degree below skyline, with each ear alternately undermost [ Figure – 1 ] . A positive response was considered when a explosion of dizziness accompanied by a characteristic nystagmus of p-SCC. 57 patients icluding 31 female and 26 male with the ages from 27 to 68 old ages old ( Mean ; 43 ) who had positive Dix-Hallpike partcipated in the survey. Then, the patients were indiscriminately assigned in two groups based on the considered intervention method. -Treatment method CRP begins with the patient sitting on the scrutiny tabular array with the caput turned 45 grade to the affected ear. Then the patientis organic structure is rapidly brought backwards, into a little head-hanging place, maintaining the caput turned to the same side. The following phase includes revolving the caput easy towards the unaffected ear, which is now undermost. Then the patient is rolled to a side-lying place with the caput turned 45 grade more towards the same ( unaffected ) ear and downward to the floor. Finally, the patient is brought easy back to the sitting place [ Figure – 2 ] . Harmonizing to the intervention method, the patients in this survey were indiscriminately assigned in two groups ; first group including 29 patients who recived postural limitations after Epley manoeuvre and the 2nd group dwelling of 28 patients who had no limitations after the manoeuvre. Then, one hebdomad after intervention manoeuvre, the patients were followed up and evaluated once more utilizing the Dix-Hallpike trial by another tester. Besides there was losing of 3 patients from the first and 1 from 2nd group due to non coming back for rating. Finally, negative Dix-Hallpike ( symptomless ) was considered merely for patients who had no dizziness symptoms and nystamus This survey was confirmed by the local ethic commission and the informed consent was taken from all topics. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square trial to compare between group differences. Consequences Distribution of the patients in two groups has been shown based on the gender and affected ear in [ Table, 1 ] . 84 per centum of the patients in the first group ( group with limitations ) and 78 per centum of the 2nd group patients ( group without limitations ) were improved after intervention and their Dix-Hallpike trial was negative ( symptomless ) . The post-maneuver consequences for two groups are indicated in [ Table, 2 ] . However, the intervention outcomes did non demo a statistically important difference between two groups ( P & gt ; 0.05 ) . Discussion In general, this survey was conducted to look into the efficaciousness of using postural limitation after Epley manoeuvre in patients with p-BPPV. Our survey findings were similar to the surveies conducted by Nuti, 2000 [ 11 ] , Simoceli, 2004 [ 14 ] , Moon & A ; Gananca, 2005 [ 10 ] , [ 12 ] . In their surveies, Nuti and collegues Epley manoeuvre for p-BPPV patients alonghwith some postural limitations and concluded that these limitations have no consequence upon intervention end products. [ 11 ] Besides, a survey conducted by Simoceli et al [ 14 ] showed that Post-maneuver limitations do non heighten the efficaciousness of Epley Maneuver for BPPV management.Our findings is similar to this survey, with this presentment that patients in Simoceli et Al survey were reassessed during 72 +/- 24 hours after manoeuvre. Consequences of the survey by Gananca et al [ 12 ] showed that utilizing from postural limitations in patients with p-BPPV did non act upon on their result steps, one hebdomad after a alone Epley manoeuvre. Moon et al [ 10 ] used modified Epley in intervention of p-BPPV and prescribed postural limitation after this manoeuvre. Besides, their findings showed that using postural limitation did non hold a important consequence on the concluding intervention results for p-BPPV patients. Burak in 2006, investigated the efficaciousness of postural limitation after modified Epley manoeuvre in handling p-BPPV. Consequences showed that postural limitation enhances the curative consequence of the modified Epley manoeuvre in the intervention of p-BPPV and should be applied in immune instances. [ 13 ] Although both groups were improved by having Epley Maneuver, this survey showed that adding postural limitations after Epley manoeuvre had no more important effects on patients with p-BPPV. Therefore, as using limitation, might attach to with restrictions in patientis activity of day-to-day life and burthen some unneeded undertakings on patients and his/her household, so this issue should be noticed by doctors in be aftering intervention for patients with p-BPPV.

Chapter 3 the Marketing Environment

GENERAL CONTENT: Multiple-Choice Questions 1. The most commercially influential demographic group in history is _____. a. Generation X b. baby boomers c. Generation Y d. seniors e. infants (Answer: b; p. 70; Easy) 1. All of the groups within a company are called the _____. a. culture b. diversity c. internal environment d. climate e. range (Answer: c; p. 66; Moderate) 2. Which of the following do suppliers not provide marketers within your firm? a. Resources to produce products and services. b. Insight into trends and competitors. c. Partners in creating and delivering customer value. . The funding for your paychecks. e. B and C (Answer: d; p. 67; Moderate)3. Which of these firms help companies to stock and move goods from their points of origin to their destination? a. Financial intermediaries. b. Physical distribution firms. c. Marketing service firms. d. Resellers. e. Modified rebuyers. (Answer: b; p. 67; Easy) 4. Banks, credit companies, insurance companies, and other businesses that help finance transactions or insure against the risks associated with the buying and selling of goods and services are referred to as _____. a. financial intermediaries b. physical distribution firms c. arketing service agencies d. resellers e. wholesalers (Answer: a; p. 67; Moderate) 5. Percy Original caters to a market of individuals and households that buys goods and services for personal consumption. What do we call this market? a. Business. b. Reseller. c. Government. d. Consumer. e. Marketing intermediary. (Answer: d; p. 67; Easy) 6. What is the name of the market that buys goods and services for further processing or for use in the production process? a. Business. b. Reseller. c. Wholesale. d. Consumer. e. Retail. (Answer: a; p. 67; Easy) 7. Rachel Patino works for a wholesale company called Distributors Unlimited.She is responsible for buying and selling goods at a profit to small retailers. What is her market? a. Business. b. Reseller. c. Wholesale. d. Consumer. e. Ret ail. (Answer: b; p. 67; Moderate) 8. A company’s marketing environment includes various _____ that consists of any group that has an actual or potential interest in, or impact on, an organization’s ability to achieve its objectives. a. teams b. audiences c. markets d. publics e. intermediaries (Answer: d; p. 68; Moderate) 9. This type of public is a radio station that carries news, features, and editorial opinions about your area. What is it? a. Financial. b. Media. c. Citizen-action. . Local. e. Regional. (Answer: b; p. 68; Easy)10. A consumer organization, environmental group, or minority group have challenged your firm’s stand on a local issue. This is the _____ public. a. general b. local c. government d. citizen-action e. media (Answer: d; p. 68; Challenging) 11. Your marketing environment is currently researching the size, density, location, age, and occupations of your target market. What is this environment? a. Demographic. b. Psychographic. c. VALS. d. Geographic. e. Product use. (Answer: a; p. 69; Moderate) 12. Statisticians have projected the world’s population to reach _____ billion by the year 2030. . 6. 5 b. 6. 9 c. 7. 5 d. 7. 9 e. 8. 1 (Answer: e; p. 69; Easy) 13. The three largest age groups in America are the baby boomers, Generation X, and _____. a. seniors b. Generation Y c. teens d. toddlers e. infants (Answer: b; p. 70; Moderate) 14. You distribute coupons to every person in America. Sooner or later, you will reach all _____ million people in this country. a. 267 b. 277 c. 287 d. 296 e. 297 (Answer: d; p. 70; Easy)15. Research has shown that the most important demographic trend in the United States is the _____. a. changing age structure of the population b. mobility of people c. slowing birth rates d. ncrease in professional jobs e. aging population (Answer: a; p. 70; Moderate) 16. Some baby boomers are referred to as â€Å"DINKs. † What does this stand for? a. Dependable income, no-kids couple. b. Donâ €™t work, intelligent, no-kicks. c. Dual-income, no-kids couple. d. Doing it and not knowing. e. None of the above. (Answer: c; p. 70; Easy) 17. Baby boomers were born between the years 1946 and _____. a. 1954 b. 1960 c. 1964 d. 1970 e. 1980 (Answer: c; p. 70; Easy) 18. This demographic age group is approaching life with a new stability and reasonableness in the way they live, think, eat, and spend.They are _____. a. Generation X . Generation Y c. baby busters d. baby boomers e. teenagers (Answer: d; p. 71; Easy) 19. Which group includes urban professionals that likely prefer an apartment to a house in the suburbs? a. Generation X. b. Generation Y. c. Baby boomers. d. Baby busters. e. All of the above. (Answer: a; pp. 71–72; Easy) 20. This group shares new cultural concerns, cares about the environment, and responds favorably to socially responsible companies. Who are they? a. Generation X. b. Generation Y. c. Generation Z. d. Baby boomers. e. Teenagers. (Answer: a; p. 71 ; Challenging) 21. Who are the echo boomers? a. Generation X. b. Generation Y. c.Generation Z. d. Baby boomers. e. Baby busters. (Answer: b; p. 72; Moderate) 22. This group has created large kid and teen markets. Who are they? a. Generation X. b. Generation Y. c. Generation Z. d. Baby boomers. e. The Elderly. (Answer: b; p. 72; Easy) 23. Recently you read a marketing research report that mentioned _____ has (have) utter fluency and comfort with computer, digital, and Internet technology. a. Generation X b. Generation Y c. the elderly d. preschool children e. baby boomers (Answer: b; p. 72; Moderate) 24. Defining people by their birth date may be less effective than segmenting them by their _____ or _____. a. ncome; occupation b. lifestyle; occupation c. lifestyle; life stage d. occupation; life stage e. gender; sexual preference (Answer: c; p. 74; Challenging) 25. It is interesting to note that about _____ percent of American households contain married couples with children. a. 24 b . 28 c. 32 d. 34 e. 41 (Answer: d; p. 75; Moderate) 26. The three groups of baby boomers include leading, _____, and trailing. a. core b. general c. secondary d. central e. primary (Answer: a; p. 74; Moderate) 27. _____ households are now growing faster than _____ households. a. Traditional; nontraditional b. Large; traditional c. Nontraditional; smaller d.Nontraditional; traditional e. Male-dominant; female-dominant (Answer: d; p. 74; Moderate) 28. In 1950, women made up 30 percent of the workforce; now they make up _____. a. 35 percent b. 40 percent c. 43 percent d. 46 percent e. 60 percent (Answer: e; p. 74; Moderate) 29. Americans are very mobile. Over the past two decades, the U. S. population has shifted toward the _____ states. a. Midwest b. Western c. Sunbelt d. Southeastern e. New England (Answer: c; p. 75; Easy) 30. Within given regions, the population is moving from large cities to ______. a. farming communities b. rural areas c. foreign countries d. suburbs e. coastal to wns Answer: d; p. 75; Moderate) 31. Nearly 40 million Americans are working out of their homes with electronic conveniences. They are called the _____ market. a. telecommuters b. SOHO c. mobile d. work-at-home e. lazy (Answer: b; p. 75; Challenging) 32. Population shifts interest marketers because people in different regions _____ differently. a. eat b. think c. buy d. act e. all of the above (Answer: c; p. 75; Easy) 33. The Facts For You research firm has just released a report that one of these groups of workers has declined during the last 20 years. Which one is it? a. White collar. b. Blue collar. c. Service. d. Unemployed. e.Restaurant employees. (Answer: b; p. 76; Moderate) 34. Marketers need to know that almost everyone in this country is a native. Which country is it? a. China. b. Bolivia. c. Japan. d. Korea. e. The United States. (Answer: c; p. 76; Easy) 35. Because of increased _____, Americans will demand higher quality products, books, magazines, travel, personal compute rs, and Internet services. a. income b. family size c. education d. social class awareness e. none of the above (Answer: c; p. 76; Easy) 36. It is important for marketers to know that the _____ population growth is 12 times greater than the Caucasian growth rate. a. Hispanic b. minority . Asian d. African American e. Pacific Islander (Answer: b; p. 77; Challenging)37. Most large companies know they must now target specially designed _____ and _____ to ethnic groups in the United States. a. advertising; services b. services; promotions c. products; promotions d. services; labeling e. TV commercials; newspaper ads (Answer: c; p. 77; Moderate) 38. Which members of this group are more likely than the general population to have professional jobs, own a vacation home, own a notebook computer, and own individual stocks? a. Yuppies. b. Gays and lesbians. c. Baby boomers. d. Echo boomers. e. Environmentalists. (Answer: b; p. 7; Challenging) 39. This group of Americans totals 54 million. Who are they? a. Baby boomers. b. People born in American. c. People with disabilities. d. People with foreign-born parents. e. None of the above. (Answer: c; p. 78; Moderate) 40. The _____ environment consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns. a. social-cultural b. political-legal c. technological d. economic e. natural (Answer: d; p. 79; Easy)41. Marketers would do well to take heed of the fact that this group is somewhat careful about its spending but can still afford the good life some of the time. Who are they? a. Lower class. . Lower-middle class. c. Middle class. d. Upper class. e. Lower-upper class. (Answer: c; pp. 78–79; Easy) 42. The group of expenses that use up most household income are _____. a. food, housing, retirement planning b. housing, insurance, taxes c. food, housing, transportation d. housing, taxes, transportation e. food, travel, electronics (Answer: c; p. 79; Moderate) 43. Ernst Engel’s laws generally have been supported by recent studies. He discovered that as family income rises, the percentage spent on _____ declines and the percentage spent on _____ remains about constant. a. food; clothing b. clothing; recreation/entertainment c. ood; transportation d. food; housing e. recreation/entertainment; retirement planning (Answer: d; p. 80; Challenging)44. One of the major concerns for marketers about the natural environment is the _____. a. number of protestors against misuse b. shortages of raw materials c. increases in recycling d. offshore oil exploration e. none of the above (Answer: b; p. 80; Easy) 45. The natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities are referred to as the _____. a. raw material market b. natural environment c. endangered environment d. green movement e. factors of production (Answer: b; p. 0; Easy) 46. As a marketer of pesticides, you should be concerned about all of the following natural environment trends ment ioned in your text except _____. a. shortages of raw materials b. increased pollution c. increased government intervention d. government subsidies e. increased acid rain (Answer: d; p. 81; Challenging) 47. What movement has spawned the marketer’s awareness of environmentally sustainable strategies? a. EPA. b. Black market. c. Green movement. d. Deregulation. e. Green intervention. (Answer: c; p. 81; Moderate) 48. Which of the following represents the most dramatic force shaping a marketer’s destiny? a.Technological environment. b. Natural environment. c. Legal-political environment. d. Deregulation. e. Partnership marketing. (Answer: a; p. 81; Easy) 49. New technologies create new opportunities and new _____. a. products b. services c. markets d. means of financing purchases e. headaches (Answer: c; p. 82; Moderate) 50. Which country leads the world in research and development spending? a. England. b. Germany. c. Sweden. d. Japan. e. The United States. (Answer: e; p. 8 4; Moderate) 51. Marketers are aware of laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence or limit various organizations and individuals in a given society.Not only are the baby boomers wealthier, which has likely influenced trends in the lake area, but the population is better educated that has allowed people to demand more from the market. (p. 70; Moderate) 162. Among some of the older patrons of The Landing was negative talk about Casey’s converting his business into a bar. What are two examples of social responsibility that Casey could embrace in an effort to offset that negativity? Casey could sponsor local ball teams, for example, or he could contribute to or help with the Witmer Lake Enhancement Committee. p. 85; Moderate) 163. What possible shifts in cultural values may once again impact Casey’s mission at The Landing? Casey will likely continue to track preferences of the baby boomers because this population group has been the primary driver of his business. As more baby boomers retire and age and choose to spend more time with grandchildren, life at the lake may again become a focal point in the baby boomers’ lives. (p. 87; Challenging) 164. What current characteristics of Casey’s business indicate that we have moved from a â€Å"me society† to a â€Å"we society†?The Landing is now merely surviving as a bar indicates that more people want to â€Å"be with others,† as the text indicates. (p. 88; Challenging) 165. What might allow Casey Brickly to now take a more proactive stance in responding to the marketing environment? Casey has owned The Landing for more than four decades; therefore, he may have a more innate sense of how to deal with his market. In addition, he understands who his primary customers have been; therefore, he could be able to better predict their preferences. (p. 90; Moderate)

The eNotes Blog Ten Writers Wrap UpChristmas

Ten Writers Wrap UpChristmas Christmas is a time when we all want to express just the right words about how much we love one another, to celebrate the year that was, and to anticipate and hope for the future. Here are ten sentiments by writers who may reflect what you are feeling during this holiday season. 1. In the late 1800s, poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote these words in his poem Christmas Bells: And in despair I bowed my head; There is no peace on earth, I said; For hate is strong, And mocks the song Of peace on earth, good-will to men! Then pealed the bells more loud and deep: God is not dead, nor doth He sleep; The Wrong shall fail, The Right prevail, With peace on earth, good-will to men. Sadly, our world is in more turmoil now than it was in Longfellows day, yet we all still hold on to the hope that one day, peace and love will eventually prevail. 2.   â€Å"Hey, great idea: if you have kids, give your partner reading vouchers next Christmas. Each voucher entitles the bearer to two hours reading time *while the kids are awake*. It might look like a cheapskate present, but parents will appreciate that it costs more in real terms than a Lamborghini.†Ã‚   ― Nick Hornby, The Polysyllabic Spree 3. A lovely thing about Christmas is that its compulsory, like a thunderstorm, and we all go through it together.   ~ Garrison Keillor 4.   Christmas to a child is the first terrible proof that to travel hopefully is better than to arrive.   ~ Stephen Fry 5. Maybe Christmas, the Grinch thought, doesnt come from a store.   ~ Dr. Seuss 6.   â€Å"One can never have enough socks, said Dumbledore. Another Christmas has come and gone and I didnt get a single pair. People will insist on giving me books.†Ã‚   ― J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone 7.   â€Å"One of the most glorious messes in the world is the mess created in the living room on Christmas day. Dont clean it up too quickly. ― Andy Rooney 8.   â€Å"He went to the church, and walked about the streets, and watched the people hurrying to and for, and patted the children on the head, and questioned beggars, and looked down into the kitchens of homes, and up to the windows, and found that everything could yield him pleasure. He had never dreamed of any walk, that anything, could give him so much happiness. † ― Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol 9. â€Å"Thanksgiving was nothing more than a pilgrim-created obstacle in the way of Christmas; a dead bird in the street that forced a brief detour.† ― Augusten Burroughs, You Better Not Cry: Stories for Christmas 10.   â€Å"Let the children have their night of fun and laughter. Let the gifts of Father Christmas delight their play. Let us grown-ups share to the full in their unstinted pleasures before we turn again to the stern task and the formidable years that lie before us, resolved that, by our sacrifice and daring, these same children shall not be robbed of their inheritance or denied their right to live in a free and decent world.   Winston Churchill, Christmas Eve Message, 1941

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Comparisons between two retail organizations namely JC Penney and Research Paper

Comparisons between two retail organizations namely JC Penney and Kohls - Research Paper Example Furthermore, the state of New York has been chosen as a base location for comparison between these two organizations. One store from each organization has been chosen for contrasting between the retailers. ABOUT JC PENNEY AND KOHL’S The business of JC Penney comprises selling various products like apparel, shoes, accessories, jewelry, beauty items and home decoration products along with delivering different services such as salon, photography and decorating among others to the customers by its departmental stores. Since the foundation of the organization, JC Penney has grown to about 1104 departmental stores in 49 states of the US (JCP Media Inc., â€Å"J. C. Penney Company, Inc.†). On the other hand, Kohl’s also provide apparel, footwear, accessories, home products and house wares among others. By the end of the year 2012, Kohl’s has nearly 1146 stores in the entire US region (Kohl's Illinois, Inc., â€Å"Kohl’s Corporation†). SHOPPING ITEMS The shopping list on which the comparison will be made comprise rings from jewelry and watches category, bath towels from bed and bath category, bedroom furniture from furniture category, women dresses from women category and men athletic shoes from shoes category. Appendix 1 would show the list of the selected items along with price range and average price (JCP Media Inc., â€Å"Free Shipping Everyday†; Kohl's Illinois, Inc., â€Å"Kohl’s Expect Great Things†). ... In this context, it can be viewed that JC Penney and Kohl’s have considerable number of stores in New York City. With respect to JC Penney, the closest store is located at Serramonte Center with distance of 8.9 miles from the city, hence this store has been chosen for the study (JCP Media Inc., â€Å"Find A Store†) Concerning Kohl’s, closest mall is Jersey City Mall which is situated at distance of 2.64 miles from the New York City and has been selected for the analysis (Kohl's Illinois, Inc., â€Å"Store†). Customer Service: With respect to customer services, it can be apparently observed that the services of Kohl’s are superior to JC Penny. The stores of Kohl’s are opened longer then JC Penney i.e. in weekdays, the stores of Kohl’s are opened from 8 am to 10 pm, whereas the stores of JC Penney are opened from 10 am to 9.30 pm. In Sunday also, the stores of Kohl’s remain open for longer hours than JC Penney. On the other hand, it can also be observed that it takes much time to talk with the customer service representatives in JC Penney than Kohl’s. However, in JC Penney, the employees are quite able to handle customer service related issues with courtesy and competence. On the other hand, employees of Kohl’s are able to provide support in understanding the cause of any kind regarding customer related issues and provide solutions to the problems. The employees of JC Penney also possess strong knowledge about product features than the employees of Kohl’s (JCP Media Inc., â€Å"Find A Store†; Kohl's Illinois, Inc., â€Å"Store†). Store Layout: The store layout of JC Penney is concentrated on representing a streamlined visual display for the customers. JC Penney restricts the number of displays in the stores and it replaces the inventory